Most computer users have an incorrect, but useful, cognitive metaphor for computers in which the user says (or types or clicks) something and a mystical, almost intelligent or magical, behavior happens. It is not a stretch to describe computer users as believing computers follow the laws of magic, where some magic incantation is entered, and the computer responds with an expected, but magical, behavior.

One of the major goals of computer science is to use abstraction to insulate the users from how the computer works. For instance, computers can interpret speech and use natural language processing to allow novice users to perform some pretty amazing tasks. Even programming languages are written to enhance the ability of the person writing the code to create and support the program, and a goal of most modern languages is to be hardware agnostic.

T HE Java ® programming language is a general-purpose, concurrent, class- based, object-oriented language. It is designed to be simple enough that many programmers can achieve fluency in the language. The Java programming language is related to C and C++ but is organized rather differently, with a number of aspects of C and C++ omitted and a few ideas from other languages included. It is intended to be a production language, not a research language, and so, as C. A. R. Hoare suggested in his classic paper on language design, the design has avoided including new and untested features.

As the ultimate information processing device, the brain naturally lends itself to be studied with information theory. Because of this, information theory has been applied to the study of the brain systematically for many decades and has been instrumental in many advances. It has spurred the development of principled theories of brain function. It has led to advances in the study of consciousness . It has also led to the development of many influential neural recording analysis techniques to crack the neural code, that is to unveil the language used by neurons to encode and process information.

Few software developers would build an application without using source control, but its adoption for databases has been slower. Yet without source control to maintain the scripts necessary to create our database objects, load lookup data, and take other actions, we cannot guarantee a reliable and repeatable database deployment process, let alone coordinate database upgrades with changes to the application.

The unusual marriage of Romantic ballet and artificial intelligence is an intriguing idea that led a team of interdisciplinary researchers to design iGiselle, a video game prototype. Scholars in the fields of literature, music, design, and computer science collaborated to modernize the 1841 ballet Giselle. Their goal was to revise the tragic narrative of the nineteenth-century culture of death, allowing players to empower the eponymous heroine for possible "feminine endings." The eight interrelated chapters chronicle the origin, development, and fruition of the project and exemplify collaboration.

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